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Fuel Trims

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Fuel Trims  š—Ŗš—µš—®š˜ š—®š—暝—² š—³š˜‚š—²š—¹ š˜š—暝—¶š—ŗš˜€?     š‘­š’–š’†š’ š’•š’“š’Šš’Ž ą¶ŗą¶±ු ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øෙą·„ි ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶» ą¶­ුą¶½ ą·ƒą¶øą¶­ුą¶½ිą¶­ ą·€ාą¶ŗු ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶…ą¶±ුą¶“ාą¶­ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶“ą·€ą¶­්ą·€ා ą¶œැą¶±ීą¶ø ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶“ාą¶½ą¶± ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶œą¶«ą¶š ą¶’ą¶šą¶šą¶ŗ (š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† š’„š’š’š’•š’“š’š’ š’–š’š’Šš’• š‘¶š‘¹ š‘¬.š‘Ŗ.š‘¼) ą·€ිą·ƒිą¶±් ą¶œą¶«ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶øිą·්‍ą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗෙą·„ි ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶šුą¶©ා ą·€ෙą¶±ą·ƒ් ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø් ą·€ේ. ą·ƒුą¶Æුą·ƒු š’…š’Šš’‚š’ˆš’š’š’”š’•š’Šš’„ š’•š’š’š’ ą¶‹ą¶“ą¶šą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶“ාą¶½ą¶± ą¶’ą¶šą¶šą¶ŗ (š‘¬.š‘Ŗ.š‘¼) ą·„ා ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶¶ą¶±්ą¶° ą¶šą¶» ą¶œැą¶±ීą¶øෙą¶±් ą¶øෙą¶ø š’‡š’–š’†š’ š’•š’“š’Šš’Ž ą¶…ą¶œą¶ŗ ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶­ිą·ą¶­ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶½ෙą·ƒිą¶±් ą¶šිą¶ŗą·€ා ą¶œą¶­ ą·„ැą¶šි ą·€ේ.           ą¶“ෙą¶§්‍ą¶»ą¶½් ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± (š’‘š’†š’•š’“š’š’ š’‡š’–š’†š’) ą·€ą·ą¶ŗෙą¶±් ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± š’”š’‘š’‚š’“š’Œ š’Šš’ˆš’š’Šš’•š’Šš’š’ ą·€ą¶»්ą¶œą¶ŗේ ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶š් ą·ƒ්ą¶§ෝą¶ ිą¶ŗෝą¶øිą¶­ිą¶š ą·€ාą¶ŗු-ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶øිą·්‍ą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗą¶šිą¶±් ( š‘ŗš’•š’š’Šš’„š’‰š’Šš’š’Žš’†š’•š’“š’Šš’„ š’‚š’Šš’“ š’‡š’–š’†š’ š’“š’‚š’•š’Šš’ ) ą¶š්‍ą¶»ිą¶ŗාą¶­්ą¶øą¶š ą·€ą¶± ą·€ිą¶§ , ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶»ą¶ŗ ( š‘Ŗš’š’Žš’ƒš’–š’”š’•š’Šš’š’ š’„š’‰š’‚š’Žš’ƒš’†š’“ ) ą¶­ුą¶½ ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą·€ී ą¶“ą·€ą¶­ිą¶± ą·ƒිą¶ŗą·…ුą¶ø ą·€ාą¶­ą¶ŗ ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶øිą¶±් ą·ƒą¶“ą¶ŗą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą·ƒිą¶ŗą¶½්ą¶½ą¶ø ą¶Æą·„ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶ŗි.      š‘µš’š’•š’†:- ą¶“ෙą¶§්‍ą¶»ą¶½් ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± (š’‘š’†š’•š’“š’š’ š’‡š’–š’†š’) ą·€ą·ą¶ŗෙą¶±් ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶…ą¶·්...
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Volumetric efficiency of an internal combustion engine

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 š——š—²š—³š—¶š—»š—¶š˜š—¶š—¼š—» š—¼š—³ š˜ƒš—¼š—¹š˜‚š—ŗš—²š˜š—暝—¶š—° š—²š—³š—³š—¶š—°š—¶š—²š—»š—°š˜†     ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් (š‘°š‘Ŗ š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’†) , ą¶­ාą¶“ ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶šාą¶«්ą¶©ą¶ŗ ą¶ŗą¶§ą¶­ේ ą·€ą¶»්ą¶œීą¶šą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶‡ą¶­. ą¶Æą·„ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą·ƒą·„ą¶·ාą¶œී ą·€ą¶± ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් ą·ƒą·„ිą¶­ ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»ාą¶šාą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒ් ą·ƒංą¶›ą¶ŗාą·€ ą¶…ą¶±ුą·€ ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶š ą¶°ාą¶»ිą¶­ාą·€ (š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† š‘Ŗš’‚š’‘š’‚š’„š’Šš’•š’š) ą¶­ීą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗ ą·€ේ. ą¶‘ą¶š් ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒą¶š් ą¶“ą¶øą¶«ą¶š් ą¶ŗොą¶Æා ą¶œą¶±ිą¶øිą¶±් ą¶±ිą¶»්ą¶øාą¶«ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් "š’š’š’† š’„š’šš’š’Šš’š’…š’†š’“ š’†š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† " ą¶½ෙą·ƒිą¶±් ą·„ą¶³ුą¶±්ą·€ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶ŗි. ą¶’ ą·€ą¶œේą¶ø , ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒ් ą¶šිą·„ිą¶“ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶’ą¶šාą¶¶ą¶Æ්ą¶° ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶±ිą¶øිą¶±් ą¶±ිą¶»්ą¶øාą¶«ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą·ƒą¶øą·ƒ්ą¶­ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶½ෙą·ƒ "š’Žš’–š’š’•š’•š’š š’„š’šš’š’Šš’š’…š’†š’“ š’†š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’†" ą¶šාą¶«්ą¶©ą¶ŗ ą¶ŗą¶§ą¶­ේ ą·€ą¶»්ą¶œීą¶šą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶‡ą¶­.     ą¶øුą¶½ිą¶±් ą¶ø ą¶­ą¶±ි ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»් ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶š ą¶‘ą¶±ą¶ø් "š’š’š’† š’„š’šš’š’Šš’š’…š’†š’“ š’†š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’†" ą·„ි ą¶š්‍ą¶»ිą¶ŗාą¶šාą¶»ිą¶­්ą·€ą¶ŗ ą¶Æෙą·ƒ ą¶¶ą¶½ą¶øු. ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶š්‍ą¶»ිą¶ŗාą¶šාą¶»ිą¶­්ą·€ą¶ŗේ ą¶Æී , ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»් (š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† š‘Ŗš’šš’š’Šš’š’…š’†š’“) ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒ ą¶­ුą¶½ ą¶ ą¶½ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą·€ිą¶ŗ ą·„ැą¶šි ą¶½ෙą·ƒිą¶±් ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶¶ą¶±්ą¶° ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶­් ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් (š’‘š’Šš’”š’•š’š’) ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒą¶š් ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą·€ේ. ą¶øෙą¶ø ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් ą¶‘ą¶š š’„š’š’š’š’†š’„š’•š’Šš’š’ˆ š’“š’š’… ą¶‘ą¶šą¶š් ą¶ŗොą¶Æා ą¶œą¶±ිą¶øිą¶±් š’„š’“š’‚š’š’Œš’”š’‰š’‚š’‡š’• ą¶‘ą¶š ą·„ා ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶¶ą¶±්ą¶° ...
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Compression Ratio

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 ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶­ුą¶½ ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් (š‘°š‘Ŗ š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’†) ą¶øą¶œිą¶±් ą¶‰ą·„ą¶½ ą¶¶ą¶½ą·ą¶š්ą¶­ි ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶­ිą¶Æාą¶±ą¶ŗą¶š් (š‘·š’š’˜š’†š’“ š‘¶š’–š’•š’‘š’–š’•) ą¶¶ą¶½ා ą¶“ොą¶»ොą¶­්ą¶­ු ą·€ේ. ą¶øේ ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą·ƒිą¶ŗą·€ą·ƒą¶šą¶§ ą·€ැą¶©ි ą¶šාą¶½ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶­ිą·ƒ්ą·ƒේ  ą¶‰ą·„ą¶½ ą¶“ෙą¶½ේ ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶±ිą·‚්ą¶“ාą¶Æą¶šą¶ŗą¶±් ą·ƒą·„ ą¶“ą¶»ීą¶š්ą·‚ą¶šą·€ą¶»ුą¶±් ą¶‘ą¶š් ą·€ී , š‘°š‘Ŗ š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† ą·€ą¶½ ą¶¶ą¶½ ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶­ිą¶Æාą¶±ą¶ŗ ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą¶¶ą¶½ą¶“ාą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą·€ිą·€ිą¶° ą·„ේą¶­ු ą·ƒාą¶°ą¶š ą¶…ą¶°්‍ą¶ŗą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶»ą¶øිą¶±් ą¶Šą¶§ ą·ƒාą¶»්ą¶®ą¶š ą¶“ිą·…ිą¶­ුą¶»ු ą·ƒෙą·€ීą¶ø ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą¶“ą¶»ීą¶š්ą·‚ą¶« ą¶»ැą·ƒą¶š් ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶± ą¶½ą¶Æි. ą¶øේ ą¶…ą¶±ුą·€ ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶°ාą¶»ිą¶­ාą·€ (š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† š‘Ŗš’‚š’‘š’‚š’„š’Šš’•š’š) , ą¶¶ą¶½ ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶­ිą¶Æාą¶±ą¶ŗ (š‘·š’š’˜š’†š’“ š‘¶š’–š’•š’‘š’–š’•) ą·„ා ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶“ීą¶©ą¶± ą¶…ą¶±ුą¶“ාą¶­ą¶ŗ (š‘Ŗš’š’Žš’‘š’“š’†š’”š’”š’Šš’š’ š‘¹š’‚š’•š’Šš’) ą·€ැą¶±ි ą·€ැą¶Æą¶œą¶­් ą¶“ą¶»ාą¶øිą¶­ිą¶±් ą¶øą¶­ ą¶…ą·€ą·ƒාą¶±ą¶ŗේ ą¶Æී ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą·ƒැą¶šැą·ƒ්ą¶ø ą¶­ීą¶»ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶ŗි.   š–š”ššš­ š¢š¬ š‚šØš¦š©š«šžš¬š¬š¢šØš§ š‘ššš­š¢šØ?     ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶š ą·ƒą¶ø් ą¶“ීą¶©ිą¶­ ą¶…ą¶±ුą¶“ාą¶­ą¶ŗ (š‘Ŗš’š’Žš’‘š’“š’†š’”š’”š’Šš’š’ š‘¹š’‚š’•š’Šš’ š’š’“ š‘Ŗš‘¹) ą¶ŗą¶±ු ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶»ą¶ŗ ą¶­ුą¶½ ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­  ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶“ූą¶»්ą¶« ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶øාą·€ (š‘»š’š’•š’‚š’ š‘½š’š’š’–š’Žš’†) ą·„ා ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶»ą¶ŗ ą¶“ූą¶»්ą¶« ą¶½ෙą·ƒ ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶“ීą¶©ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶øෙą¶±් ą¶“ą·ƒුą·€ ą¶‰ą¶­ිą¶»ි ą·€ą¶± ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶øාą·€ (š‘Ŗš’š’†š’‚š’“š’‚š’š’„š’† š’—š’š’š’–š’Žš’†) ą¶…ą¶­ą¶» ą¶“ą·€ą¶­ිą¶± ą¶…ą¶±ුą¶“ාą¶­ą¶ŗą¶ŗි.  •ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් ą¶‘ą¶š ą¶øą¶œිą¶±්  š‘©š‘«?...
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Inter combustion engine

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