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Piston and Cylinder Geometry

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    š—œš—© – š¢š§š­ššš¤šž šÆššš„šÆšž š—˜š—© – šžš±š”ššš®š¬š­ šÆššš„šÆšž š—§š——š—– – š­šØš© ššžššš šœšžš§š­šžš« š—•š——š—– – š›šØš­š­šØš¦ ššžššš šœšžš§š­šžš« š—• – šœš²š„š¢š§ššžš« š›šØš«šž š—¦ – š©š¢š¬š­šØš§ š¬š­š«šØš¤šž š—„ – šœšØš§š§šžšœš­š¢š§š  š«šØš š„šžš§š š­š” š—” – šœš«ššš§š¤ š«šššš¢š®š¬ (šØšŸšŸš¬šžš­) š—« – šš¢š¬š­ššš§šœšž š›šžš­š°šžšžš§ š­š”šž šœš«ššš§š¤ ššš±š¢š¬ ššš§š š­š”šž š©š¢š¬š­šØš§ š©š¢š§ ššš±š¢š¬ Ī˜ – šœš«ššš§š¤ ššš§š š„šž š—©š’… – šš¢š¬š©š„šššœšžš (š¬š°šžš©š­) šÆšØš„š®š¦šž š—©š’„ – šœš„šžššš«ššš§šœšž šÆšØš„š®š¦šž      ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶šą¶§ ą¶…ą¶ŗą¶­් ą¶‘ą¶š් ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»ාą¶šාą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒą¶š ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą·€ිą·ƒ්ą¶®ාą¶“ිą¶­ ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶øාą·€ š—© š’… ą¶øą¶œිą¶±් ą·ƒංą¶šේą¶­ą·€ą¶­් ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶ŗි. ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»ාą¶šාą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒෙą·„ි ą¶øෙą¶ø ą·€ිą·ƒ්ą¶®ාą¶“ිą¶­ ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶øා ą¶…ą¶œą¶ŗ (š‘«š’Šš’”š’‘š’š’‚š’„š’†š’… š’—š’š’š’–š’Žš’† š’š’“ š’”š’˜š’†š’†š’‘ š’—š’š’š’–š’Žš’†) ą¶œą¶«ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶œැą¶±ීą¶ø ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą¶‘ą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»ාą¶šාą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒෙą·„ි ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් ą¶‘ą¶š ą¶ ą¶½ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą·€ą¶± ą¶Æුą¶» ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶øාą¶«ą¶ŗ ą¶‘ą¶±ą¶ø් ą¶“ිą·ƒ්ą¶§ą¶±් ą¶†ą¶ාą¶­ą¶ŗ (š‘·š’Šš’”š’•š’š’ š‘ŗš’•š’“š’š’Œš’†)ą·ƒą·„ ą·ƒිą¶½ිą¶±්ą¶©ą¶»ාą¶šාą¶» ą¶šොą¶§ą·ƒෙą·„ි ą·„ą¶»ą·ƒ්ą¶šą¶© ą¶š්ą·‚ේą¶­්‍ą¶» ą·€ą¶»්ą¶œą¶µą¶½ą¶ŗ...
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Fuel Trims

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Fuel Trims  š—Ŗš—µš—®š˜ š—®š—暝—² š—³š˜‚š—²š—¹ š˜š—暝—¶š—ŗš˜€?     š‘­š’–š’†š’ š’•š’“š’Šš’Ž ą¶ŗą¶±ු ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øෙą·„ි ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶» ą¶­ුą¶½ ą·ƒą¶øą¶­ුą¶½ිą¶­ ą·€ාą¶ŗු ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶…ą¶±ුą¶“ාą¶­ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶“ą·€ą¶­්ą·€ා ą¶œැą¶±ීą¶ø ą·ƒą¶Æą·„ා ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶“ාą¶½ą¶± ą¶“ą¶»ිą¶œą¶«ą¶š ą¶’ą¶šą¶šą¶ŗ (š‘¬š’š’ˆš’Šš’š’† š’„š’š’š’•š’“š’š’ š’–š’š’Šš’• š‘¶š‘¹ š‘¬.š‘Ŗ.š‘¼) ą·€ිą·ƒිą¶±් ą¶œą¶«ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šą¶» ą¶œą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶øිą·්‍ą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗෙą·„ි ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶šුą¶©ා ą·€ෙą¶±ą·ƒ් ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø් ą·€ේ. ą·ƒුą¶Æුą·ƒු š’…š’Šš’‚š’ˆš’š’š’”š’•š’Šš’„ š’•š’š’š’ ą¶‹ą¶“ą¶šą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶“ාą¶½ą¶± ą¶’ą¶šą¶šą¶ŗ (š‘¬.š‘Ŗ.š‘¼) ą·„ා ą·ƒą¶ø්ą¶¶ą¶±්ą¶° ą¶šą¶» ą¶œැą¶±ීą¶øෙą¶±් ą¶øෙą¶ø š’‡š’–š’†š’ š’•š’“š’Šš’Ž ą¶…ą¶œą¶ŗ ą¶“්‍ą¶»ą¶­ිą·ą¶­ą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶½ෙą·ƒිą¶±් ą¶šිą¶ŗą·€ා ą¶œą¶­ ą·„ැą¶šි ą·€ේ.           ą¶“ෙą¶§්‍ą¶»ą¶½් ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± (š’‘š’†š’•š’“š’š’ š’‡š’–š’†š’) ą·€ą·ą¶ŗෙą¶±් ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± š’”š’‘š’‚š’“š’Œ š’Šš’ˆš’š’Šš’•š’Šš’š’ ą·€ą¶»්ą¶œą¶ŗේ ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øą¶š් ą·ƒ්ą¶§ෝą¶ ිą¶ŗෝą¶øිą¶­ිą¶š ą·€ාą¶ŗු-ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą¶øිą·්‍ą¶»ą¶«ą¶ŗą¶šිą¶±් ( š‘ŗš’•š’š’Šš’„š’‰š’Šš’š’Žš’†š’•š’“š’Šš’„ š’‚š’Šš’“ š’‡š’–š’†š’ š’“š’‚š’•š’Šš’ ) ą¶š්‍ą¶»ිą¶ŗාą¶­්ą¶øą¶š ą·€ą¶± ą·€ිą¶§ , ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶šුą¶§ීą¶»ą¶ŗ ( š‘Ŗš’š’Žš’ƒš’–š’”š’•š’Šš’š’ š’„š’‰š’‚š’Žš’ƒš’†š’“ ) ą¶­ුą¶½ ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą·€ී ą¶“ą·€ą¶­ිą¶± ą·ƒිą¶ŗą·…ුą¶ø ą·€ාą¶­ą¶ŗ ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶øිą¶±් ą·ƒą¶“ą¶ŗą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± ą·ƒිą¶ŗą¶½්ą¶½ą¶ø ą¶Æą·„ą¶±ą¶ŗ ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶ŗි.      š‘µš’š’•š’†:- ą¶“ෙą¶§්‍ą¶»ą¶½් ą¶‰ą¶±්ą¶°ą¶± (š’‘š’†š’•š’“š’š’ š’‡š’–š’†š’) ą·€ą·ą¶ŗෙą¶±් ą¶·ාą·€ිą¶­ා ą¶šą¶»ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶…ą¶·්...
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Catalytic Converter

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š—–š—®š˜š—®š—¹š˜†š˜š—¶š—° š—–š—¼š—»š˜ƒš—²š—暝˜š—²š—æ š—œš—»š˜š—暝—¼š—±š˜‚š—°š˜š—¶š—¼š—»     ą¶øුą¶½් ą¶ŗුą¶œą¶ŗේ ą¶±ිą·‚්ą¶“ාą¶Æිą¶­ ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶øą¶œිą¶±් ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶­ුą¶½ ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą·€ą¶± ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶š්‍ą¶»ිą¶ŗාą·€ą¶½ිą¶ŗ ą¶”ą·ƒ්ą·ƒේ ą¶±ිą¶“ą¶Æą·€ෙą¶± ą¶…ą·„ිą¶­ą¶šą¶» ą¶“ිą¶§ාą¶» ą·€ාą¶ŗූą¶±් ą·ƒිą¶ŗą¶½්ą¶½ą¶š් ą¶ø ą¶“ාą·„ේ ą¶“ිą¶»ිą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶øą¶šිą¶±් ą¶­ොą¶»ą·€ ą¶“ිą¶§ාą¶» ą¶±ą¶½ą¶ŗ ą¶”ą·ƒ්ą·ƒේ ą¶¶ාą·„ිą¶» ą¶“ą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ą¶ŗą¶§ ą¶±ිą¶šුą¶­් ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶± ą¶½ą¶Æි. ą¶øෙą¶½ෙą·ƒ ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶“ිą¶§ාą¶» ą·€ාą¶­ ą¶“ą¶Æ්ą¶°ą¶­ිą¶ŗ ą·„ą¶»ą·„ා ą¶¶ාą·„ිą¶» ą¶“ą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ą¶ŗą¶§ ą¶‘ą¶š් ą·€ą¶± ą·€ිą·€ිą¶°ාą¶šාą¶» ą·€ූ ą¶…ą·„ිą¶­ą¶šą¶» ą·ƒංą¶ą¶§ą¶š ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą·€ිą·‚ ą·€ාą¶ŗූą¶±් ą·€ිą·ාą¶½ ą¶øą¶§්ą¶§ą¶øිą¶±් ą·€ාą¶ŗු ą¶œෝą¶½ą¶ŗ ą·„ා ą¶‘ą¶š් ą·€ී ą¶Æැą¶©ි ą¶“ාą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ිą¶š ą·„ාą¶±ි ą¶‡ą¶­ි ą·€ීą¶ø ą¶†ą¶»ą¶ø්ą¶· ą·€ිą¶ŗ. ą¶øේ ą·„ේą¶­ූą¶±් ą¶±ිą·ƒා ą¶œෝą¶½ීą¶ŗ ą·€ą·ą¶ŗෙą¶±් ą·ƒංą·€ිą¶°ාą¶±ą¶ŗ ą·€ූ ą·€ිą·€ිą¶° ą¶“ාą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ිą¶š ą·ƒංą·€ිą¶°ාą¶± ą¶øą¶œිą¶±් ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶±ිą·‚්ą¶“ාą¶Æą¶š ą·ƒą¶øාą¶œą¶ø් ą·€ෙą¶­ ą¶Æැą¶©ි ą¶“ාą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ිą¶š ą¶±ීą¶­ි ą¶“ැą¶±ą·€ීą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶± ą¶½ą¶Æි.      ą¶øීą¶§ ą¶“ිą·…ිą¶ŗą¶øą¶š් ą¶½ෙą·ƒ ą¶øෝą¶§ą¶»් ą¶»ą¶® ą¶±ිą·‚්ą¶“ාą¶Æą¶šą¶ŗą¶±් ą·€ිą·ƒිą¶±් ą¶‹ą¶­්ą¶“ේą¶»ą¶š ą¶“ą¶»ිą·€ą¶»්ą¶­ą¶šą¶ŗ ą¶½ෙą·ƒිą¶±් ą·„ą¶³ුą¶±්ą·€ą¶±ු ą¶½ą¶¶ą¶± ą¶‹ą¶“ාංą¶œą¶ŗą¶š් ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶øෙą·„ි ą¶“ිą¶§ාą¶» ą¶±ą¶½ ą¶“ą¶Æ්ą¶°ą¶­ිą¶ŗ ą¶­ුą¶½ą¶§ ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą¶šą¶»ą¶øිą¶±් ą¶¶ාą·„ිą¶» ą¶“ą¶»ිą·ƒą¶»ą¶ŗą¶§ ą¶±ිą¶šුą¶­් ą·€ą¶± ą¶…ą·„ිą¶­ą¶šą¶» ą·€ාą¶ŗූą¶±් ą¶­ą¶»ą¶øą¶š් ą¶Æුą¶»ą¶§ ą·ƒීą¶øා ą¶šිą¶»ීą¶ø ą·ƒිą¶Æු ą¶šą¶»ą¶± ą¶½ą¶Æි.  ą¶‹ą¶­්ą¶“්‍ą¶»ේą¶»ą¶š ą¶“ą¶»ිą·€ą¶»්ą¶­ą¶šą¶ŗ (š’„š’‚š’•š’‚š’š’šš’•š’Šš’„ š’„š’š’š’—š’†š’“š’•š’†š’“) ą¶ŗą¶±ු , ą¶…ą¶·්‍ą¶ŗą¶±්ą¶­ą¶» ą¶Æą·„ą¶± ą¶‘ą¶±්ą¶¢ිą¶±් ą¶…ą¶±්ą¶­ą¶»්ą¶œą¶­ ą¶šą¶»ą¶øිą¶±් ą¶±ිą¶“ą¶Æą·€...
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